Frozen moss suggests climate cooling kicked off fast, possibly with help from volcanic eruptions.

Crystal chemistry suggests magma changes quickly before a huge eruption.

Forget E.T. It’s time to meet the intraterrestrials. They too are alien, appearing in bizarre forms and eluding scientists’ search efforts. But instead of residing out in space, these aliens inhabit a dark subterranean realm, munching and cycling energy deep inside the Earth. Most intraterrestrials live beneath the bottom of the ocean, in an unseen biosphere that is a melting pot of odd organisms, a sort of Deep Space Nine for microbes. Many make their homes in the tens of meters of mud just beneath the seafloor. Others slither deeper, along fractures into solid rock hundreds of meters d... (p. 18)

Chemical reactions deep inside the Earth fuel magma’s gem-laden upward journey. (p. 11)

Biologists document surprising differences among deep-sea animals at hydrothermal vent fields. (p. 5)

Bruce Banner isn’t the only scientist who could crush you with one mighty squeeze. These days, the Hulk’s superhuman strength is matched by researchers who squish all kinds of stuff in superscience experiments. The goal isn’t to save the world from baddies, but to explore new frontiers in the nature of matter. After all, most material in the universe exists at bone-crushing pressures. Think massive stars and planetary cores — realms no comic book fan or other Earth dweller has ever seen. Deep within the planet, rock experiences pressures more than 1 million times as great as the “1... (p. 26)

Nine-year record collected from orbit finds supply dropping mostly due to agriculture. (p. 5)