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Tallying Nitrogen's Increasing Impact

Human activities have doubled the natural background rate of nitrogen fixation on land.

Peter M. Vitousek
Department of Biological Sciences
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305

Car phones jack up risk of collisions

Both driving while phoning and driving while intoxicated at least quadruple a driver's risk of having a collision.

Donald A. Redelmeier
Sunnybrooke Health Science Centre, G-151
2075 Bayview Avenue
North York, ON M4N 3M5
Canada

Murray A. Mittleman
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Boston, MA 02215

Younger stars and an older, bigger cosmos

Using the Hipparcos satellite to measure stellar distances, astronomers find that the oldest stars in the Milky Way are considerably younger than believed and the universe slightly older.

Floor van Leeuwen
Royal Greenwich Observatory
Madingley Road
Cambridge CB3 0EZ
United Kingdom

Fish oil gets a garlic chaser for the heart

Garlic supplements erase a cardiovascular risk that had tarnished fish oil's otherwise heart-friendly image.

Bruce J. Holub
Department of Human Biology and Nutritional Sciences
Room 334
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
Canada

Penny M. Kris-Etherton
Pennsylvania State University
College of Health and Human Development
Nutrition Department
126 Henderson Building South
University Park, PA 16802
E-mail: pmk3@psu.edu

David G. Robertson
Emory University
Division of Arteriosclerosis and Lipid Metabolism
1639 Pierce Drive
Room 2001
Atlanta, GA 30322

Combat vets show shifting trauma memories

Memories of combat-related traumatic events have changed considerably over time among Operation Desert Storm veterans, although the implications of this finding for the veracity of recovered memories of past traumas remains unclear.

Robert E. Hales
Department of Psychiatry
University of California, Davis Medical Center
4430 V Street
Sacramento, CA 95817

Steven M. Southwick
National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Department of Psychiatry (116A)
VA Medical Center
950 Campbell Avenue
West Haven, CT 06516

Bessel A. van der Kolk
Department of Psychiatry
Harvard Medical School
Boston, MA 02115

Douglas F. Zatzick
Department of Psychiatry
University of California, Davis Medical Center
4430 V Street
Sacramento, CA 95817

New gene clearly resolves an eye debate

The activity of a recently discovered gene reveals that a vertebrate's two eyes originate from a single region within the embryo rather than independently.

Yi Rao
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology
Washington University School of Medicine
Box 8108
660 South Euclid
St. Louis, MO 63110

Science Funding Slips in 1998 Budget

In President Clinton's 1998 budget proposal, total funding for research and development would drop by 0.4 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars.

John H. Gibbons
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
Room 424
Old Executive Office Building
Washington, DC 20502

Research Notes:

Chemistry:

How antioxidants defend cells

Two recent studies shed light on how cells protect themselves against free radical damage by using antioxidants that are both outside the cell and part of the cell proteins themselves.

Gilbert S. Omenn
University of Washington School of Public Health
Box 357230
Seattle, WA 98195-7230
E-mail: gomenn@u.washington.edu

Earl R. Stadtman
Laboratory of Biochemistry
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
National Institutes of Health
Room 222, Building 3
Bethesda, MD 20892
E-mail: earlstadtman@nih.gov

T. George Truscott
Chemistry Department
Keele University
Staffordshire ST5 5BG
United Kingdom

Earth Science:

Ocean's impact on climate predictions

A computer model illustrates how the North Atlantic has a stabilizing effect on climate in Europe and western Asia.

Kirk Bryan
Princeton University
106 Sayre Hall
P.O. Box CN710
Princeton, NJ 08544-0710

Peter Rhines
Department of Oceanography
University of Washington
Seattle, WA 98195

Gauging gas reserves

A new measuring technique suggests there may be larger reserves of natural gas beneath the ocean floor than previously thought.

W. Steven Holbrook
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
Woods Hole, MA 02543

Charles K. Paull
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3315

Articles:

Jomon Genes

Using DNA, researchers probe the genetic origins of modern Japanese

The distribution of a Y chromosome segment among Asian populations offers new clues about the origin of the Jomon, the first inhabitants of Japan.

Michael F. Hammer
Laboratory of Molecular Systematics and Evolution
University of Arizona
Biosciences West
Tuscon, AZ 85721

Masatoshi Nei
Institute of Molecular Genetics and Department of Biology
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802

The Birth of a Breast Cancer

Do adult diseases start in the womb?

Factors in the womb may boost the future risk of breast cancer and other chronic diseases.

Karin Michels
Department of Epidemiology
Harvard School of Public Health
Boston, MA 02115

Dimitrios Trichopoulos
Department of Epidemiology
Harvard School of Public Health
Boston, MA 02115