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April 26, 1997
Does the Cosmos Have a Direction?A highly controversial study suggests that the universe has a preferred direction or axis, a finding that flies in the face of basic tenets of the Big Bang and other cosmological models.
Nodland, B., and J.P. Ralston. 1997. Indication of anisotropy in electromagnetic propagation over cosmological distances. Physical Review Letters 78(April 21):3043-3046. Abstract available at http://link.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v78/p3043.
The structure of an HIV protein indicates that the mechanism by which HIV invades human cells resembles that used by flu viruses.
Chan, D., et al. 1997. Core structure of gp41 from the HIV envelope glycoprotein. Cell 89(April 18):263-273. Abstract available at http://www.cell.com/cgi/content/abstract/89/2/263/
Panel backs widening net of genetic testCouples anticipating a pregnancy should be offered a genetic test to determine whether they may pass on cystic fibrosis, says a panel convened by the National Institutes of Health.
1997. NIH consensus panel makes recommendations for offering genetic testing for cystic fibrosis. National Institutes of Health press release. April 16. Available at http://consensus.nih.gov/news/releases/106_release.htm.
Nance, W.E., et al. 1992. Statement of The American Society of Human Genetics on cystic fibrosis carrier screening. American Journal of Human Genetics 51(December):1443-1444. Available at http://www.faseb.org/genetics/ashg/policy/pol-10.htm.
NIH Consensus Development Conference. 1997. Genetic Testing for Cystic Fibrosis, Program and Abstracts. April 14-16. Bethesda, Md. See http://odp.od.nih.gov/consensus/cons/106/106_intro.htm.
Facklemann, K.A. 1994. Beyond the genome. Science News 146(Nov. 5):298-299. Available at http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_edpik/ms_1.htm.
______. 1989. Cystic fibrosis gene and protein identified. Science News 136(Sept. 2):149.
Seachrist, L. 1995. Testing genes. Science News 148(Dec. 9):394-395.
Weiss, R. 1990. Cystic fibrosis gene: Too many mutants. Science News 138(July 28):52.
Material gives bacterial films the heave-hoA plastic that stops bacteria from binding to it may help prevent the potentially deadly infections that can develop around medical implants.
Bryers, J.D., T.A. Horbett, and B.D. Ratner. 1997. Biomaterials engineered to biologically prevent bacterial infection. Spring meeting of the American Chemical Society. April 13-17. San Francisco.
Pennisi, E., and K. Hoppe. 1992. Electrical fields help kill biofilms. Science News 142(Sept. 5):153.
Potera, C. 1996. Biofilms invade microbiology. Science 273(Sept. 27):1795.
Raloff, J. 1996. Sponges and sinks and rags, oh my! Science News 150(Sept. 14):172-173. Available at http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arch/9_14_96/bob2.htm.
Wu, C. 1996. Gels can give drugs a timely release. Science News 150(Sept. 7):159.
By imitating aspects of the behavior of both estrogens and androgens, some hormonelike pollutants may increase their apparent potency.
Danzo, B.J. 1997. Environmental xenobiotics may disrupt normal endocrine function by interfering with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Environmental Health Perspectives 105(March):294-301. Available at http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1997/105-3/danzoabs.html.
Raloff, J. 1997. Does yo-yo dieting pose cancer threat? Science News 151(March 15):157. Available at http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/3_15_97/fob1.htm.
______. 1997. A new world of pollutant effects. Science News 151(March 1):S19. Available at http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc97/75th/jr_essay.htm.
______. 1996. 'Estrogen' pairings can increase potency. Science News 149(June 8):356.
______. 1995. Beyond estrogens. Science News 148(July 15):44-45.
______. 1995. Additional source of dietary 'estrogens'. Science News 147(June 3):341.
______. 1994. That feminine touch. Science News 145(Jan. 22):56-57. Available at http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_edpik/ls_8.htm.
______. 1994. The gender benders. Science News 145(Jan. 8):24-27. Available at http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_edpik/ls_7.htm.
______. 1993. EcoCancers. Science News 144(July 3):10-11.
A small section of the brain's cortex exhibits a decline in activity during periods of severe depression.
Damasio, A. 1997. Towards a neuropathology of emotion and mood. Nature 386(April 24):769.
Drevets, W., et al. 1997. Subgenual prefrontal cortex abnormalities in mood disorders. Nature 386(April 24):824.
Bower, B. 1997. Brain hues disclose depression clues. Science News 151(March 8):141.
The discovery of a protein used by bacteria to attach themselves to bladder cells has raised hopes of developing a vaccine to protect women from some urinary tract infections.
Langermann, S., et al. 1997. Prevention of mucosal Escherichia coli infection by FimH adhesin-based systemic vaccination. Science 276(April 25):607.
Kunin, C.M. 1997. Urinary Tract Infections: Detection, Prevention, and Management. Baltimore, Md.: Williams and Wilkins.
A clump of lithium atoms at temperatures near absolute zero may collapse into a dense state, then explode in a process resembling the collapse of a giant star to produce a supernova.
Sackett, C.A., et al. 1997. Measurement of limited condensate number in Bose-Einstein condensation of lithium. Bulletin of the American Physical Society 42(April):1095.
Bradley, C.C., C.A. Sackett, and R.G. Hulet. 1997. Bose-Einstein condensation of lithium: Observation of limited condensate number. Physical Review Letters 78(Feb. 10):985-989.
Peterson, I. 1997. Frigid atoms settle into surprising states. Science News 151(Feb. 8):87.
Wu, C. 1995. Quest for condensate turns up another find. Science News 148(Sept. 9):164.
The memory tasks of holding and relating several pieces of information may be more closely related and involve more parts of the brain than previously realized.
Cohen, J., et al. 1997. Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task. Nature 386(April 10):604.
Courtney, S., et al. 1997. Transient and sustained activity in a distributed neural system for human working memory. Nature 386(April 10):608.
Goldman-Rakic, P. 1997. Temporal dynamics of brain activation during a working memory task. Nature 386(April 10):604.
A compound that stimulates fat burning may one day become a drug to treat obesity.
Dow, R.L., et al. 1997. Progress toward selective, full agonists of the human beta-3-adrenergic receptor. Spring meeting of the American Chemical Society. April 13-17. San Francisco.
1994. Gene therapy fashions supermouse hearts. Science News 145(May 7):303.
Seachrist, L. 1995. Gene ups obesity, accelerates diabetes. Science News 148(Aug. 12):103.
The physical properties of two substances, melanin and urocanic acid, may explain effects of ultraviolet light on skin.
Forest, S.E., and J.D. Simon. 1997. Spectroscopic studies of melanin. Spring meeting of the American Chemical Society. April 13-17. San Francisco.
Hanson, K.M., and J.D. Simon. 1997. A spectroscopic study of epidermal trans- and cis-urocanic acid. Spring meeting of the American Chemical Society. April 13-17. San Francisco.
1996. Here comes the sun. . .and wrinkles. Science News 149(Feb. 10):93.
1994. Estimating UV's human cancer risk. Science News 146(Oct. 15):255.
Pennisi, E. 1993. Visible, UV-A light tied to skin cancer. Science News 144(July 24):53.
Manipulating individual molecules of DNA provides insights into the physical basis of fundamental biological processes.
Bustamante, C. 1997. The elastic behavior of the DNA molecules revealed by single molecule manipulation methods. Bulletin of the American Physical Society 42(March):208.
Kamien, R.D. 1997. Chiral mesophases of DNA. Bulletin of the American Physical Society 42(March):471.
Lee, G. 1997. Measuring bond rupture forces with the atomic force microscope. Bulletin of the American Physical Society 42(March):208.
Strey, H.H. 1997. Chirality, structure and free energy of DNA liquid crystals. Bulletin of the American Physical Society 42(March):471.
Austin, R.H., et al. 1997. Stretch genes. Physics Today (February):32.
Nelson, D.R. 1997. A new age for type-II superconductors? Nature 385(Feb. 20):675.
Peterson, I. 1997. First peek at DNA transcription. Science News 151(March 29):188.
______. 1997. X-ray probe unveils biostructures. Science News 151(March 22):172.
______. 1996. Computing with DNA. Science News 150(July 13):26.
______. 1995. Viral shell game. Science News 147(March 25):186-187. Available at http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_edpik/mc_1.htm.
______. 1993. Capturing the motion of magnetic vortices. Science News 144(Nov. 27):358.
Strick, T.R., et al. 1996. The elasticity of a single supercoiled DNA molecule. Science 271(March 29):1835.
Travis, J. 1997. Chips ahoy. Science News 151(March 8):144-145.
Wu, C. 1997. Molecular motor spins out energy for cells. Science News 151(March 22):173.
After Hubble: The Next GenerationAs a successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have begun designing an instrument having a 6- to 8-meter primary mirror and potentially the capability to record the first rays of starlight in the universe.
Miralda-Escudé, J., and M.J. Rees. 1997. High-redshift supernovae and the metal-poor halo stars: Signatures of the first generation of galaxies. Astrophysical Journal Letters 478(April 1):L57.
The Next Generation Space Telescope has a Web site at http://ngst.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
Cowen, R. 1996. Found: Primeval galaxies. Science News 149(Feb. 24):120.
______. 1996. Hubble's deep view of the universe. Science News 149(Jan. 20):36.
Dressler, A. 1996. HST and Beyond. Washington, D.C.: Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy.
Stroh, M. 1992. COBE causes big bang in cosmology. Science News 141(May 2):292.
Table of Contents - 4/26/97
