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August 16, 1997
Biological Pest Control Harms Natives
Sources:An insect imported to control exotic weeds now poses a threat to native plants.
Ray Carruthers
United States Department of Agriculture
Agriculture Research Service
Building 005, Room 220
BARC West
Beltsville, MD 20705
Svata M. Louda
Department of Ecology
University of Nebraska
Lincoln, NE 68588
The computer program Logistello defeated world champion Takeshi Murakami, winning six out of six games.
Sources:
Michael Buro
NEC Research Institute
4 Independence Way
Princeton, NJ 08540
E-mail: mic@research.nj.nec.com
United neighbors take a bite out of crime
Violent crime rates drop in neighborhoods in which residents trust one another and show a willingness to act for the common good.
Sources:
Robert J. Sampson
Department of Sociology
University of Chicago
Chicago, IL 60637
Felton Earls
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
School of Public Health
Harvard University
Boston, MA 02115
Volcanic explosions rocked the tiny island of Montserrat for 5 days in early August.
Sources:
Richard P. Hoblitt
United States Geological Survey
5400 MacArthur Boulevard
Vancouver, WA 98661
Sources:The abnormal accumulation of mutant proteins inside a cell's nucleus may underlie the neurodegeration seen in Huntington's disease and several similar illnesses.
Gillian P. Bates
Division of Medical and Molecular Genetics
UMDS
Guy's Hospital
London SE1 9RT
England
Randall N. Pittman
Department of Pharmacology
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA 19104
An improved vacuum system leads to gallium arsenide crystals of record purity.
Sources:
Mordehai Heiblum
Department of Condensed Matter Physics
Braun Center for Submicron Research
Weizmann Institute of Science
Rehovot 76100
Israel
Conversion of an unusual form of frozen water into its more familiar crystalline counterpart creates pathways that release trapped gas molecules.
Sources:
Bruce D. Kay
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
Chemical Structure and Dynamics Department
MSN K8-88
P.O. Box 999
EMSL Building 3020
3020 Q Street
Richland, WA 99352
R. Scott Smith
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
Chemical Structure and Dynamics Department
MSN K8-88
P.O. Box 999
EMSL Building 3020
3020 Q Street
Richland, WA 99352
Mutated gene can delay onset of AIDS
An altered gene may delay AIDS onset in some HIV-positive individuals.
Sources:
Stephen J. O'Brien
Laboratory of Genomic Diversity
National Cancer Institute
Frederick, MD 21702-1201
Research Notes:
Astronomy
Modeling the moon's originNew computer simulations are beginning to pin down the details of the moon's origin in a violent collision between Earth and a planet-sized body 4.5 billion years ago.
Sources:
Alistair G.W. Cameron
Harvard College Observatory
Center for Astrophysics
60 Garden Street
Cambridge, MA 02138
Robin M. Canup
University of Colorado
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics
Campus Box 392
Boulder, CO 80309-0392
Stuart J. Weidenschilling
Planetary Science Institute
620 North Sixth Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85705-8331
Earth, water, and comets
Measurements of the deuterium-hydrogen ratio in Comet Hale-Bopp suggest that comets could not have been the main source of water for Earth's oceans.
Sources:
Louis A. Frank
Department of Physics and Astronomy
University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA 52242
David C. Jewitt
Institute of Astronomy
University of Hawaii at Manoa
2680 Woodlawn Drive
Honolulu, HI 96822
Roland Meier
Institute of Astronomy
University of Hawaii at Manoa
2680 Woodlawn Drive
Honolulu, HI 96822
Tobias C. Owen
Institute of Astronomy
University of Hawaii at Manoa
2680 Woodlawn Drive
Honolulu, HI 96822
Sources:The Hubble Space Telescope and the Galileo spacecraft are providing new insight about three long-lived storms on Jupiter.
Amy A. Simon
Astronomy Department
Box 30001
Department 4500
New Mexico State University
Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001
Science and Society
Counseling highlighted for gene test
The final version of a consensus document on genetic testing for cystic fibrosis, prepared by a National Institutes of Health panel, includes a statement emphasizing the importance of education and counseling.
Sources:
Norman Fost
Department of Pediatrics
University of Wisconsin Hospital
Madison, WI 53792
R. Rodney Howell
Department of Pediatrics
School of Medicine
University of Miami
Mail Code 9T
P.O. Box 016820 (D-820)
Miami, FL 33101
A National Research Council report recommends that the federal government take charge of the care and management of chimpanzees used in scientific research.
Sources:
Dani P. Bolognesi
Duke Center for AIDS Research
Duke Medical Center
P.O. Box 2926
Duke University
Durham, NC 27710
Ammonia enhances cigarettes' nicotine . . .
A common cigarette additive puts tobacco's nicotine into a form that more readily enters the lungs.
Sources:
James F. Pankow
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
Oregon Graduate Institute
P.O. Box 91000
Portland, OR 97291-1000
E-mail: pankow@ese.ogi.edu
. . . and music videos their image
A large percentage of music videos aired on television during hours when children watch feature role models who drink or smoke.
Sources:
Robert H. DuRant
Department of Pediatrics
Brenner Children's Hospital
Bowman Gray School of Medicine
Wake Forest University
Medical Center Boulevard
Winston-Salem, NC 27157
Articles:
Can Grain Yields Keep Pace?
Stiff challenges face today's breeders--and tomorrow's farmers
World cereal grain production is climbing at roughly half the pace of population growth, raising questions about what can be done to make up for the anticipated shortfall.
Sources:
Dennis T. Avery
Center for Global Food Issues
Hudson Institute
P.O. Box 202
Churchville, VA 24421
Lester R. Brown
WorldWatch Institute
1776 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036-1904
Pierre Crosson
Federation of American Scientists Fund
307 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E.
Washington, D.C. 20002
E-mail: crosson@rff.org.
International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas
P.O. Box 5466
Aleppo
Syrian Arab Republic
Fax: (963) 21-213490
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Patancheru P.O.
Andhra Pradesh 502 324
India
Fax: (91) 40-241239
Gurdev S. Khush
Division of Plant Breeding
Genetics and Biochemistry
International Rice Research Institute
P.O. Box 933
1099 Manila
Philippines
Russell C. Muchow
Commonwealth Scientific, Industrial and Research Organization
Cunningham Laboratory
Division of Tropical Crops and Pastures
306 Carmody Road
St. Lucia, Brisbane
Queensland 4067
Australia
Perspectives on the Long-Term Global Food Situation
Federation of American Scientists
307 Massachusetts Avenue, N.E.
Washington, DC 20002
Website: http://www.fas.org/
Sanjaya Rajaram
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
Lisboa 27, Colonia Juarez
Apdo. Postal 6-641
06600 Mexico, D.F.
Mexico
Website: http://www.cimmyt.mx
Vernon W. Ruttan
University of Minnesota
Department of Applied Economics
College of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences
231 Classroom Office Building
1994 Buford Avenue
St. Paul, MN 55108-6040
Thomas R. Sinclair
Agricultural Research Service
South Atlantic Area Crop Genetics and Environmental Research Unit
c/o Agronomy Department
Agronomy Physiology Laboratory
IFAS Building #350
S.W. 23rd Street
University of Florida
P.O. Box 110965
Gainesville, FL 32611-0965
Paul E. Waggoner
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
Box 1106
New Haven, CT 06504
New detergents dissolve obstacles to pollutionfree solvents
Carbon dioxide may be the ideal replacement for the hazardous organic chemicals typically used in dry cleaning and plastics manufacturing.
Sources:
Paul T. Anastas
Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
Environmental Protection Agency
401 M St., N.W.
Washington, DC 20460
E-mail: anastas.paul@epamail.epa.gov
Joseph M. DeSimone
Department of Chemistry
CB 3290
Venable Hall
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, NC 27599
E-mail: desimone@unc.edu
Website: http://www.micell.com
Craig M.V. Taylor
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Mail Stop E537
Los Alamos, NM 87545
E-mail: eggus_taylor@lanl.gov
Website: http://cst.lanl.gov/CSTftp/CST-12/scf.html
Table of Contents - 8/16/97