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References & Sources

February 13, 1999

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Viruses—just a flush away?

Fecal viruses flushed into septic tanks or related waste systems near coasts can enter seawater within a day.

References:

Rose, J.B. 1999. Risks associated with viruses. In 1999 AAAS Annual Meeting and Science Innovation Exposition: Challenges for a New Century (Abstract A-45), C.J. Boyd, ed. American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Further Readings:

1994. Testing the waters for gastroenteritis. Science News 146(Oct. 15):255.

Alexander, L.M., et al. 1992. Symptomatology of children in contact with sea water contaminated with sewage. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 46:340.

Balarajan, R., et al. 1991. Health risks associated with bathing in sea water. British Medical Journal 303(Dec. 7):1444.

Cabelli, V.J., et al. 1982. Swimming-associated gastroenteritis and water quality. American Journal of Epidemiology 115:606.

Fewtrell, L., et al. 1992. Health effects of white-water canoeing. Lancet 339(June 27):1587.

Kay, D., et al. 1994. Predicting likelihood of gastroenteritis from sea bathing: Results from randomised exposure. Lancet 344(Oct. 1):905.

Raloff, J. 1996. 'Clean' water may infect swimmers. Science News 150(Sept. 28):199.

Sources:

Joan B. Rose
University of South Florida
Department of Marine Sciences
140 7th Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701

From Science News, Vol. 155, No. 7, February 13, 1999, p. 107. Copyright © 1999, Science Service.


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