Fetal exposure to certain common environmental pollutants, such as phthalates, can feminize male animals or impair their reproductive organs by blocking the activity of male sex hormones.
Gray Jr., E.L., et al. 1999. Administration of potentially antiandrogenic pesticides (procymidone, linuron, iprodione, chlozolinate, p, p'-DDE, and ketoconazole) and toxic substances (dibutyl- and diethylhexyl phthalate, PCB 169, and ethane dimethane sulphonate) during sexual differentiation produces diverse profiles of reproductive malformations in the male rat. Toxicology and Industrial Health 15(January-March):94.
Gray Jr., E.L., et al. 1999. Environmental antiandrogens: Low doses of the fungicide vinclozolin alter sexual differentiation of the male rat. Toxicology and Industrial Health 15(January-March):48.
Gray Jr., L.E., and J. Ostby. 1999. Profiles of effects of antiandrogenic pesticides and toxic substances on sex differentiation. Meeting of the Society of Toxicology. March. New Orleans.
Gray Jr., E.L., et al. 1999. The estrogenic and antiandrogenic pesticide methoxychlor alters the reproductive tract and behavior without affecting pituitary size or LH and prolactin secretion in male rats. Toxicology and Industrial Health 15(January-March):37.
Monosson, E. . . . and L.E. Gray Jr. 1999. Peripubertal exposure to the antiandrogenic fungicide, vinclozolin, delays puberty, inhibits the development of androgen-dependent tissues, and alters androgen receptor function in the male rat. Toxicology and Industrial Health 15(January-March):65.
Mylchreest, E. . . . P.M.D. Foster. 1999. Dose-response for altered male reproductive development and function induced by Di(n-butyl) phthalate. Meeting of the Society of Toxicology. March. New Orleans.
Mylchrest, E., and P.M.D. Foster. 1998. Antiandrogenic effects of Di(n-butyl) phthalate on male reproductive development: A nonreceptor-mediated mechanism. Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology 18(September).
Mylchreest, E., R.C. Cattley, and P.M.D. Foster. 1998. Male reproductive tract malformations in rats following gestational and lactational exposure to Di(n-butyl) phthalate: An antiandrogenic mechanism? Toxicological Sciences 43(May):47.
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Schettler, T., et al. 1996. Generations at risk: How environmental toxins may affect reproductive health in Massachusetts. Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility (GBPSR) and the Massachusetts Public Interest Research Group (MASSPIRG) Education Fund Report. September. Available at http://www.igc.apc.org/psr/index.html.
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Campaign for Environmentally Responsible Health Care
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