References & Sources

When the other half gets really cold

Four years after the creation of the first Bose-Einstein condensate—an odd form of ultracold matter composed of atoms called bosons—physicists have cooled fermions, the other type of atoms, sufficiently to make their quantum mechanical nature apparent.

References:

DeMarco, B., and D.S. Jin. 1999. Onset of Fermi degeneracy in a trapped atomic gas. Science 285(Sept. 10):1703.

Further Readings:

Weiss, P. 1999. Fountains of time. Science News 156(Aug. 7):92.

Wu, C. 1995. Physics ‘Holy Grail’ finally captured. Science News 148(July 15):36.

Sources:

Brian DeMarco
University of Colorado at Boulder
Physics Department
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Boulder, CO 80309-0440

Randall Hulet
Rice University
Physics Department
Mailstop Code 61
Houston, TX 77251

Deborah S. Jin
University of Colorado at Boulder
Quantum Physics Division
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Boulder, CO 80309-0440

Daniel Kleppner
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
77 Massachusetts Avenue
Room 26-237
Cambridge, MA 02139-4307

From Science News, Vol. 156, No. 11, September 11, 1999, p. 166. Copyright © 1999, Science Service.