When otters are removed from their food web (portion shown here), the effects spread to many other organisms (as shown by red arrows). Studies have found that removing otters leads to an upswing in sea urchins, a drop in kelp populations and thus fewer fish. With fewer fish in their diets, eagles dine more heavily on seabirds.
Credit: sea otter: tru/istockphoto; sea star, crab, sea urchin: Helen Cingisiz/shutterstock; eagle: abrakadabra/shutterstock; sea bird: Bambuh/shutterstock; larger fish, smaller fish: Potapov Alexander/shutterstock; drift algae, kelp: Pavlovic A/shutterstock; sessile invertebrates: jr trice/shutterstock; mussels, planktonic algae: T. Dubé
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