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HOT EARLY MANTLE

A simulation of plate tectonics today (left) shows a crustal slab (green) plunging more than 400 kilometers into Earth's mantle. Billions of years ago (right), when the mantle was 200 degrees Celsius hotter, the slab would have barely penetrated the depths before breaking off and foundering. Geologists propose this difference led to intermittent plate tectonic activity early in Earth's history. Credit: J.F. Moyen et al/Geology 2012

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