A P value is the probability of an observed (or more extreme) result arising only from chance.
Credit: S. Goodman, adapted by A. Nandy
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Practically everything one reads is supported with statistics. On page 15, in the same issue of Science News as this essay appeared is the heading, "Coffee linked to lower stroke risk." Then numbers are quoted based on the statistical analysis of "more than 20,000 European men and women ages 39 to 79." How is the reader to know if the researchers' methods were correct leading to valid conclusions?
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