Smoking increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes by up to 61 percent. (p. 29)

A genetic test designed to tailor drug treatment for depression offers little clinical value, says a CDC panel. (p. 389)

Overweight children grow up to have an elevated risk for blocked coronary arteries as adults, a long-term Danish study finds. (p. 381)

Using a new technique to turn skin cells into stem cells, scientists have corrected sickle cell anemia in mice. (p. 355)

A single population of prehistoric Siberians crossed the Bering Strait into Alaska and fanned out to North and South America, a new genetic analysis of living Native Americans suggests. (p. 339)

An HIV vaccine hurts, not helps, the immune systems of mice, say scientists. (p. 325)

Up to 20 percent of 9/11 workers in New York City experience symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease, also called acid reflux. (p. 334)

The most common inherited cause of mental retardation arises when a mutated gene is shut down early in embryonic development. (p. 310)

New analysis of 25-year-old blood samples indicates that HIV reached the United States in about 1969, 12 years before AIDS was first formally described. (p. 275)

With drug treatment, HIV-infected people no longer suffer from wasting but are about as overweight or obese as the U.S. population as a whole. (p. 270)

A virus that causes debilitating fever and joint pain has spread from Africa to Italy, where it has caused at least 284 cases of illness. (p. 270)