By zeroing in on aberrations in two cancer-fighting genes, researchers have found a marker for cancer risk that could help doctors screen people for signs of lung cancer early enough for treatment to be effective. (p. 340)

Upsetting some prevailing ideas about how alloys form, rafts of tin atoms jitterbug madly around on a pure copper surface and leave spots of bronze in their wakes. (p. 340)

Researchers monitoring monkeys have seen signs that slashing normal calorie consumption can benefit long-lived primates by extending natural life spans and reducing the odds of suffering diseases such as cancer. (p. 341)

Importing six full-grown bull elephants into a park of youngsters stopped killing sprees by young males. (p. 341)

A new device can detect a single potato that's infected with bacterial soft rot while buried deep in a storage crate with hundreds of healthy tubers. (p. 342)

Analyzing the composition of 70 of the oldest stars in the galaxy—the largest such sample so far—scientists have found new evidence that a generation of short-lived stars that died explosively must have preceded this elderly population and that the oldest part of the Milky Way originated not as a single component, but as bits and pieces that may have taken several hundred million years to form and coalesce. (p. 342)

A statistical analysis of DNA from nearly 400 right whales around the world suggests there may be three species of Eubalena, not just two—a conclusion that may boost conservation efforts. (p. 343)

The recently described, 92-million-year-old fossil of a primitive worker ant pushes back the first record of its particular subfamily by 40 million years, forcing researchers to reevaluate their ideas about the early evolution of these insects. (p. 343)

The science of body development may make kindling out of evolutionary trees. (p. 346)

Scientists seek alternatives to a computer technology nearing its limits. (p. 350)

Scientists may have found an explanation for why coffee drinking prevents Parkinson's disease. (p. 344)

By generating antibodies that neutralize nicotine, a vaccine could keep ex-smokers from getting the nicotine high that drives many of them back to their bad habit. (p. 344)

Blind musicians are more likely to have perfect pitch than are sighted people. (p. 344)

Some people are born with dysmusia, a condition marked by difficulty learning to play music or recognizing melodies. (p. 344)

Addressing a long-simmering controversy, a large new study has shown that in pregnancies where the baby has positioned itself to emerge feet or buttocks first, the delivery safest for the mother and child is a planned cesarean section rather than a vaginal birth. (p. 348)

A new study suggests how a gene recently linked to liver, skin, and pancreatic cancer also causes an often-deadly form of breast cancer. (p. 348)

The oral vaccine's live but attenuated virus may in rare cases revert to the disease-causing form, which can then turn up in natural waters even in regions now certified free of the wild-type virus. (p. 348)

A new study finds that ballast water can move huge quantities of cholera germs and other microbes between ports around the globe. (p. 348)

Water lilies may belong on the lowest branch of the family tree of flowering plants, along with a shrub called Amborella. (p. 349)