Laws that allow people under age 18 to be tried and imprisoned as adults have unintended effects, promoting an increase in new violent offenses among youth handled by the adult justice system. (p. 243)

Recently unearthed fossils provide new insights about the appearance of the world's oldest known trees, plants that previously were known only from preserved stumps. (p. 243)

Our solar system's periodic motion from one side of the galaxy to the other could expose life on Earth to massive amounts of cosmic rays and cause recurring, catastrophic mass extinctions. (p. 244)

Physicists have constructed a pipette that dispenses a billionth of a trillionth of a liter. (p. 244)

A drug for multiple sclerosis seems to prevent subtle vision loss in many patients. (p. 245)

Responding to a surge in tough-to-treat gonorrhea, the CDC has stopped recommending Cipro-class antibiotics for the disease. (p. 245)

In their quest to capture ever-earlier moments of cosmic history, astronomers may have found some of the first galaxies. (p. 246)

By teaching computers how to transcribe musical recordings, a relatively mundane task, researchers are opening new musical possibilities. (p. 248)

A new federal survey has found that a lack of measurement tools may jeopardize the United States' edge in technological innovation. (p. 251)

Any of three forms of psychotherapy enhances emotional stability in people with bipolar disorder who already receive standard medications for that severe psychiatric ailment. (p. 253)

Industrial facilities in the United States released more than 4 billion pounds of chemicals into the environment in 2005, according to the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxics Release Inventory. (p. 253)

A chance eclipse has enabled astronomers for the first time to measure the width of a disk of swirling, hot matter around a supermassive black hole. (p. 253)

Biophysicists have put neurons on a chip and induced them to form multiple patterns of synchronized firing, the mechanism at the basis of memory. (p. 253)

Experiments have given additional evidence that a future generation of X-ray sources called free-electron lasers may be able to image single biomolecules. (p. 253)

New research explains why a cancer-causing form of chromium has been turning up in ground and surface waters far from industrial sources. (p. 254)

An experiment failed to confirm the existence of a new elementary particle called the sterile neutrino, but its results could still point to some new physics. (p. 254)

Saturn's tiny moon Enceladus is acting as a brake on the giant planet's magnetic field. (p. 254)

(p. 255)