Stalagmite is scribe for monsoons, society

Cave formation has recorded monsoon strength in China since the third century

A volleyball-sized stalagmite taken from a cave in northern China has given scientists insight about how the region’s precipitation has varied — and possibly influenced the rise and fall of various dynasties — for the past 1,800 years.

ROCKY RECORD The water and minerals that collected to form this stalagmite hold chemical information that reveals how annual rainfall varied in northern China between 190 and 2003.