Archaeology
- 			 Animals AnimalsWhen and why did masturbation evolve in primates? A new study provides cluesIn a first-of-its-kind comparative study, researchers show that primates were masturbating 40 million years ago and that the behavior may help males keep their sperm fresh. 
- 			 Anthropology AnthropologyHomo naledi may have dug cave graves and carved marks into cave wallsProposed discoveries of humanlike activities by these ancient, small-brained hominids have elicited skepticism from some researchers. By Bruce Bower
- 			 Humans HumansOldest traces of a dysentery-causing parasite were found in ancient toiletsScientists have found traces of giardia in two toilets used by wealthy residents of Jerusalem in the 7th and 6th century B.C. By Freda Kreier
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologyThe oldest scaled-down drawings of actual structures go back 9,000 yearsRock engravings in Jordan and Saudi Arabia may be maps or blueprints of desert kites, massive structures once used to capture animal herds. By Bruce Bower
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologyAncient human DNA was extracted from a 20,000-year-old deer tooth pendantInsights into Stone Age people’s lives may soon come from a new, nondestructive DNA extraction method. By Bruce Bower
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologyA prehistoric method for tailoring clothes may be written in boneA punctured bone fragment was probably a leatherwork punch board. Perforated leather sewn together may have been seams in clothing. 
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologyHair analysis reveals Europe’s oldest physical evidence of drug useAnalyses of human hair found in a Mediterranean cave turned up psychoactive plant substances, revealing use of hallucinogens around 3,000 years ago. By Bruce Bower
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologyWhat did Homo sapiens eat 170,000 years ago? Roasted, supersized land snailsCharred shell bits at an African site reveal the earliest known evidence of snail-meal prep, suggesting ancient humans cooked and shared the mollusks. By Bruce Bower
- 			 Anthropology AnthropologyA surprising food may have been a staple of the real Paleo diet: rotten meatThe realization that people have long eaten putrid foods has archaeologists rethinking what Neandertals and other ancient hominids ate. By Bruce Bower
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologySome monkeys accidentally make stone flakes that resemble ancient hominid toolsA study of Thailand macaques raises questions about whether some Stone Age cutting tools were products of planning or chance. By Bruce Bower
- 			 Archaeology ArchaeologyThe Yamnaya may have been the world’s earliest known horseback riders5,000-year-old Yamnaya skeletons show physical signs of horseback riding, hinting that they may be the earliest known humans to do so. 
- 			 Particle Physics Particle PhysicsMuons unveiled new details about a void in Egypt’s Great PyramidThe subatomic particles revealed the dimensions of the void, discovered in 2016, and helped researchers know where to stick a camera inside.