Physics
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We summarize the week's scientific breakthroughs every Thursday.
- 			 Astronomy AstronomyHow scientists took the first picture of a black holeHere’s how scientists connected eight observatories across the world to create one Earth-sized telescope in order to create an image of a black hole. 
- 			 Astronomy AstronomyAll you need to know about the history of black holesFrom dreaming up black holes to snapping the first picture of one, the history of black holes has had many twists. 
- 			 Astronomy AstronomyThe first picture of a black hole opens a new era of astrophysicsAstronomers used a network of telescopes around the world to take a picture of the supermassive black hole in the galaxy M87. By Lisa Grossman and Emily Conover
- 			 Earth EarthHow deadly, fast-moving flows of volcanic rock and gas cheat frictionMixtures of hot volcanic rock and gas called pyroclastic flows travel so far by gliding on air, a new study suggests. 
- 			 Materials Science Materials ScienceBacteria can be coaxed into making the toughest kind of spider silkLab-altered bacteria have made a copy of a spider’s strongest silk strands, which could one day be used to make more sturdy materials. By Jeremy Rehm
- 			 Physics PhysicsThe LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors are back onSouped-up instruments could spot never-before-seen sources of gravitational waves. 
- 			 Quantum Physics Quantum PhysicsA new quantum engine packs more power than its standard counterpartsA new type of tiny machine harnesses quantum physics to produce more power than a normal engine, under certain conditions. 
- 			 Astronomy Astronomy4 things we’ll learn from the first closeup image of a black holeScientists are gearing up to release the first image of the black hole at the center of the galaxy. Here’s what they hope to find out. 
- 			 Particle Physics Particle PhysicsHow a proton gets its spin is surprisingly complicatedPinning down the source of protons’ spin is surprisingly hard to do. 
- 			 Physics PhysicsUltraprecise atomic clocks put Einstein’s special relativity to the testPhysics obeys the same rules no matter what direction you’re facing, a new experiment confirms. 
- 			 Physics PhysicsScientists have chilled tiny electronics to a record low temperatureIn a first, electronic chip temperatures dip below a thousandth of a degree kelvin. 
- 			 Physics PhysicsHow droplets of oil or water can glow vibrant colorsViewed from various angles, tiny droplets of water or oil glow different colors under white light.