 
					Carolyn Gramling
Earth & Climate Writer
Carolyn Gramling is the Earth & Climate writer at Science News. Previously she worked at Science magazine for six years, both as a reporter covering paleontology and polar science and as the editor of the news in brief section. Before that she was a reporter and editor at EARTH magazine. She has bachelor’s degrees in Geology and European History and a Ph.D. in marine geochemistry from MIT and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. She’s also a former Science News intern.
 
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All Stories by Carolyn Gramling
- 			 Paleontology PaleontologyNanotyrannus was not a teenaged T. rexA new Nanotyrannus fossil suggests the diminutive dino lived alongside T. rex in the late Cretaceous Period. 
- 			ClimateHurricane Melissa spins into a monster storm as it bears down on JamaicaThe story of Atlantic hurricanes is treading a familiar — and frightening — path: Climate change is fueling huge, slow-moving, rain-drenching storms. 
- 			 Climate ClimateAustralia’s tropical forests now emit CO₂, clouding the COP30 talksThese tropical forest CO₂ emissions may warn of similar shifts in other regions, a key topic for COP30 climate talks in Brazil. 
- 			 Chemistry ChemistryCoffee beans pooped out by civets really are tastier. Here’s whyPricey civet coffee gets its cred from its journey through the mammal’s gut, which changes the content of fat, protein, fatty acids — and even caffeine. 
- 			 Climate ClimateCoral collapse signals Earth’s first climate tipping pointThe global die-off of coral reefs signals a critical shift in Earth’s climate system with global environmental consequences along with economic ones. 
- 			 Climate ClimateAntarctic krill eject more food when it’s contaminated with plasticAntarctic krill don’t just sequester carbon in their poop; they also make carbon-rich pellets out of leftovers. But microplastics may throw a wrench in the works. 
- 			 Earth EarthTwo of Greece’s most dangerous volcanoes share an underground linkSeismic and land deformation data show that Santorini and Kolumbo draw from the same magma source, complicating eruption forecasts. 
- 			 Paleontology PaleontologyCrystallized dino eggs provide a peek into the tumultuous Late CretaceousDefinitively dating the age of a clutch of fossil dinosaur eggs at a famous site in China may let scientists link eggshell features to environmental shifts at the time. 
- 			 Paleontology PaleontologyYoung pterosaurs probably died in violent Jurassic stormsTwo hatchling pterosaurs with fractured arm bones point to ancient storms as the cause of mass casualties preserved in Germany’s Solnhofen Limestone. 
- 			 Earth Earth20 years after Hurricane Katrina, is the U.S. better prepared?Hurricane forecasts have improved since Katrina, but risks from climate change and budget cuts loom. 
- 			 Climate ClimateA Midwest ‘megaflash’ is the longest lightning on recordA reanalysis of satellite data shows that a 2017 Texas-to-Missouri lightning megaflash stretched 829 kilometers and lasted 7.39 seconds. 
- 			 Climate ClimateWhat to know about the extreme U.S. flooding — and ways to stay safeAn oceanographer explains how climate change, warming oceans and a souped-up atmosphere are creating conditions for deadly floods.