Beer bubble math
The rate of change of bubble volume. If this quantity is positive, the bubble will grow; if it’s negative, it will shrink. |
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A constant that depends on the temperature and the specific gas in the foam. (The foam on top of a glass of Guinness lasts unusually long because Guinness uses nitrogen in addition to carbon dioxide in its beer. K is smaller for nitrogen, so the bubbles change size more slowly.) |
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The sum of the lengths of the edges of the surfaces where the bubble intersects other bubbles. For an isolated bubble, E is 0; for a big bubble surrounded by many little bubbles, it is la More from Science News |