Column

  1. Math

    A Geometric Superformula

    The notion of a simple equation that you can use to generate a wide variety of geometric shapes is an immensely appealing one. Johan Gielis of Antwerp, Belgium, proposes one such formula in the March American Journal of Botany. “Many geometrical forms, both in nature and culture, can be interpreted as modified circles,” Gielis states. […]

    By Ivars Peterson
  2. Math

    Recycling Topology

    It’s hard to miss the triangle of three bent arrows that signifies recycling. It appears in newspapers and magazines and on bottles, envelopes, cardboard cartons, and other containers. The recycling symbol. Alternative (incorrect?) rendering of the recycling symbol. Cliff Long made a Möbius band the basis of his wood carving “Bug on a Band.”