Using an infrared telescope to peer far back in time, astronomers have made the first observations of complex organic molecules from an era when the universe was just 4 billion years old, less than a third of its current age.

ORGANIC PIONEERS. Complex organic compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, depicted as floating in the early universe. T. Pyle/Caltech, JPL/NASA

The molecules, known as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, play a key role in star and planet formation, and they are among the building blocks of life.