Enceladus’ plumes might not come from an underground ocean
Saltwater spray could come from pockets of watery mush in the moon’s icy shell
Saturn’s moon Enceladus sprays dramatic plumes of water vapor (shown in an image from the Cassini spacecraft). Whether those plumes come from a subsurface ocean or from the moon’s icy shell is a matter of debate.
Kevin M. Gill, JPL-Caltech/NASA, SSI