First Line of Defense: Hints of primitive antibodies

The lowly lancelet makes a living by burying itself in the sand, sticking out its mouth, and filtering tiny critters from seawater. Such feeding behavior probably exposes this common marine invertebrate to a wealth of infectious microbes. So, the finger-length animal may require something special in its immune system.

EARLY PROTECTION. These spineless, 2-to-5-centimeter-long lancelets have only primitive immune systems but may harbor precursors to genes that make antibodies in vertebrates.