Free Choice + Punishment = Cooperation

Making participation voluntary may discourage cheating

To get people to cooperate in a venture, make participation voluntary. That’s the advice from researchers whose recent study offers a solution to one of the oldest problems in game theory: How can cooperation develop if individuals can do better for themselves by cheating?

In a community garden, for example, the lazy gardener who does nothing may reap as big a share of the produce as the hardest worker.