Musical Illusions

In M.C. Escher’s lithograph “Ascending and Descending,” monks are trudging along on a staircase. Some are climbing up and some are walking down, but each monk will end up back at his starting point. The staircase connects to itself, forming a square.

The 12 pitch classes in the Western scale form a circle. Rehmeyer

Of course, a real staircase can’t lead to its starting point; Escher’s image is an optical illusion.