Consider the plight of a gardener struggling with a recalcitrant tangle of garden hose. Sometimes, no amount of pulling or twisting unsnarls the coils. At other times, the tangles readily come apart, and the hose emerges unknotted.
Trefoil knot.
Different views of the figure-eight knot. Robert Scharein
Braid (left) and its closed form (right). Robert Scharein
Mathematicians also tussle with knots, but their task has an additional constraint.
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