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Ukrainian identity solidified for 30 years. Putin ignored the science

Censuses and surveys reveal Ukrainians’ burgeoning nationalism since independence in 1991

Ukrainian citizen learns to operate a weapon

For decades, Ukrainian nationalism has been growing, something Russian President Vladimir Putin underestimated, social scientists say. Here, a Ukrainian civilian learns how to operate a weapon in Lviv on March 19.

AP Photo/Bernat Armangue

By Sujata Gupta

- More than 2 years ago

Before Russia invaded Ukraine, many military analysts feared that the capital of Kyiv would fall within days of an attack, undermining any further resistance.