Installing democracies may not work without prior cultural shifts

It’s long been unclear if democratic values in a society or democratic institutions come first

woman voting in Iraq

The United States has spent years trying to establish democracy in Iraq (voting in 2005 in what was Iraq’s first general election in 35 years is shown). A new study may shed light on why those efforts, and other similar ones, have been so challenging.

serkan senturk/Shutterstock

When the United States invaded Iraq in the early 2000s, President George W.